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How do astronauts get back to Earth?
The main problem in returning to Earth is the heat produced by friction (over 1,000° C) as the spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere. The craft starts its descent by slowing down, which makes it fall back toward Earth. A heat shield protects it from intense heat as it hurtles into the atmosphere. In the past, most American craft parachuted into the sea. The space shuttle lands on a runway.
The Russian Soyuz spacecraft's re-entry module is designed to touch down on land.
The Russian Soyuz spacecraft's re-entry module is designed to touch down on land.
 
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