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The Roman Republic
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Early Rome was ruled by kings and was called a monarchy. But in 509 BC the Roman people overthrew the monarchy and founded a republic. Rome was now ruled by officials called magistrates. They were elected each year by a selected assembly of the Roman people. Experienced politicians called the Senate advised the magistrates.
The Romans were often at war with their neighbours and by 270 BC they had conquered Italy. Carthage, in North Africa, and the Greek states tried to halt Rome's expansion, but they were all defeated and by 27 BC the Romans ruled the Mediterranean.
As Rome grew more powerful, its politicians became corrupt. They gained power through force, not elections, and the republican system broke down.
(A) LICTORS
The consul was escorted by lictors in public. Lictors carried bundles of rods and axes called fasces. These were symbols of the consul's powers.
(B) TOGA
The toga was a semicircular piece of woollen cloth that was wrapped around the body. Only Roman citizens were allowed to wear the toga.
(C) CONSULS
The consuls were the most senior magistrates. They controlled foreign affairs and commanded the army in wartime. Two consuls were elected each year.
(D) SENATORS
Only men with experience in government were allowed to join the Senate. There were 300 senators and they served for life.
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Previous:
Back
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Book:
The Romans
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Section:
The Romans
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Chapter:
The Roman Republic
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